class: center, middle ## Introduction - The Trinity (Derived from https://ichthys.com/1Theo.htm) --- ### Summary In this lesson, we are going to be starting an examination of a new topic in our study of God: the Trinity. God existing in three persons yet with one shared essence is about as core a concept as any we have in Christianity, which is one of the reasons that heresies related to the Trinity have been among the most existential of all threats to truth in the Church. This being the case, it is very important for us to understand the ins and outs of this keystone doctrine, so that we may stand firm in the truth of the Bible and its teaching. --- #### Outline - [The core definition of the Trinity: God is One in Essence, Three in Person](#4) - [Is the terminology itself important in considering the development of this doctrine?](#5) - [Spelling it out a bit more](#6) --- ### The core definition of the Trinity: God is One in Essence, Three in Person We will examine exactly what this statement means as we continue in our study, but suffice it to say that this idea of "one essence / three persons" (or "three persons / one essence" if you prefer that order to the phrasing instead) is the central point, and what you should always keep in mind when thinking about the Trinity. These two statements together sum up all that is important about the triune nature of God. --- ### Is the terminology itself important in considering the development of this doctrine? In short, no. The Trinity has always been there in the Bible, for those willing to open their eyes and ears to the truth. How later people came to label the idea is in no way related to the fact that this concept has been there in scripture from day one. <div class="special-content scripture"> <strong>Revelation 4:8 | <a href="/site/content-features/#ichthys-translations">Ichthys translation</a></strong> <p>Holy, Holy, Holy, the Lord, God, the Almighty<br /> He who was, and He who is,<br /> and He who is coming.</p> </div> No specific term for the triune nature of God occurs in the Bible. The inspired writers of the New Testament clearly felt that the existence of one God in three distinct persons, the doctrine which we now call "the Trinity", was a relatively straight-forward concept and accessible enough (even with a cursory reading of the scripture) from passages such as the one quoted above. --- <div class="special-content technical-discussion"> <strong> <a href="/site/content-features/#technical-discussion">Technical discussion</a> </strong> <p>To flesh out a bit more why we might make the claim that Revelation 4:8 supports the doctrine of the Trinity, consider:</p> <ul> <li>The threefold repetition of the adjective Holy (Greek: <a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g40/esv/mgnt/0-1/">ἅγιος</a>, <em>hagios</em>)</li> <li>The three titles used: κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ.</li> <li><a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g2962/esv/mgnt/0-1/">κύριος</a>, <em>kurios</em>, means "Lord"</li> <li><a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g2316/esv/mgnt/0-1/">θεός</a>, <em>theos</em>, means "God"</li> <li><a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g3841/esv/mgnt/0-1/">παντοκράτωρ</a>, <em>pantokrater</em>, means "the almighty". It is a compound noun formed from the combination of <a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g3956/esv/mgnt/0-1/">πᾶς</a> and <a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g2904/esv/mgnt/0-1/">κράτος</a>.</li> <li>The three aspects of God's eternal existence: He who was (ὁ ἦν), and He who is (ὁ ὢν), and He who is to come (ὁ ἐρχόμενος). The first two are, respectively, the imperfect active and present active participles of <a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g1510/esv/mgnt/0-1/">εἰμί</a> (Greek's "to be" verb), and the third is a present middle participle, from <a href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g2064/esv/mgnt/0-1/">ἔρχομαι</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Perhaps someone might say that it is not impossible or even particularly uncommon for multiple adjectives and titles to be applied to the same person. Fair enough. But one might also point out this verse's structure of threefold repetition of threes would be somewhat odd unless it were intentional, right? That is, why is it that we have three groups of threes (three Holy's, three titles, and three aspects of God's eternality) rather than some other structure like one/four (two non-three groups), or two/one/three/one (four groups, only one of which is a group of three), and so on?</p> <p>The explanation that makes the most sense is simply that John, inspired by the Holy Spirit, put things this way intentionally. And therefore it ought not be ignored. QED.</p> </div> --- ### Is the terminology itself important in considering the development of this doctrine? The Apostolic Fathers, the generation that followed the men who actually penned the New Testament, also felt that merely quoting scriptures was an entirely adequate way of discussing the relationship between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Not until the late second and early third centuries did the term "Trinity" itself come into general use as a way of defending (against a variety of heresies which sought to deny various aspects of the unique triune nature of God) what earlier generations of Christians had taken completely for granted based upon their common-sense approach to reading the Bible: that God the Father, the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are all God, and that at the same time they are---in what we may call a "personal" way---also distinct from each other. God is one. God is also three. And there is no contradiction between these statements. --- ### Spelling it out a bit more As we have said, the core definition of the Trinity is that God is one *in essence*, and three *in person*. To put the doctrine in complete terms, the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God; yet at the same time the Father is not the Son or the Holy Spirit, the Son is not the Father or the Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit is not the Father or the Son. <!-- Footnote List --> <div class="footnotes"> <ol> </ol> </div> --- #### Outline - [The core definition of the Trinity: God is One in Essence, Three in Person](#4) - [Is the terminology itself important in considering the development of this doctrine?](#5) - [Spelling it out a bit more](#6)